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The term neonatology was coined by Dr. Alexander Schaffer in 1960. [4] The American Board of Pediatrics established an official sub-board certification for neonatology in 1975. In 1835, the Russian physician Georg von Ruehl developed a rudimentary incubator made from two nestled metal tubs enclosing a layer of warm water. [ 5 ]
A major difference between the practice of pediatric and adult medicine is that children, in most jurisdictions and with certain exceptions, cannot make decisions for themselves. The issues of guardianship , privacy, legal responsibility, and informed consent must always be considered in every pediatric procedure.
Consequently, organizations were developed to focus on these emerging medical practices, and in 1991, the First International Congress of Perinatal Medicine was held, at which the World Association of Perinatal Medicine was founded. [2] Today, maternal-fetal medicine specialists can be found in major hospitals internationally.
The term is derived from the Latin root perinatus, meaning "around birth." [1] In medical and biological contexts, it specifically denotes the period surrounding childbirth, including the final weeks of gestation and the first days of life. [2]
The perinatal period (from Greek peri, "about, around" and Latin nasci "to be born") is "around the time of birth". In developed countries and at facilities where expert neonatal care is available, it is considered from 22 completed weeks (usually about 154 days) of gestation (the time when birth weight is normally 500 g) to 7 completed days ...
Fetal surgery draws principally from the fields of surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics- especially the sub-specialties of neonatology (care of newborns), maternal-fetal medicine (care of high-risk pregnancies), and pediatric surgery. It often involves training in obstetrics, pediatrics, and mastery of both invasive and non ...
In 1965, the first nurse practitioner program in the United States was developed at the University of Colorado to prepare pediatric nurse practitioners for primary care. [3] By the 1970s, neonatal intensive care was an integrated medical service in many large teaching hospitals across the country, providing successful management of the preterm ...
Level III units are required to have pediatric surgeons in addition to care providers required for level II (pediatric hospitalists, neonatologists, and neonatal nurse practitioners) and level I (pediatricians, family physicians, nurse practitioners, and other advanced practice registered nurses).