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Pressure head is a component of hydraulic head, in which it is combined with elevation head. When considering dynamic (flowing) systems, there is a third term needed: velocity head. Thus, the three terms of velocity head, elevation head, and pressure head appear in the head equation derived from the Bernoulli equation for incompressible fluids:
The total hydraulic head of a fluid is composed of pressure head and elevation head. [1] [2] The pressure head is the equivalent gauge pressure of a column of water at the base of the piezometer, and the elevation head is the relative potential energy in terms of an elevation. The head equation, a simplified form of the Bernoulli principle for ...
The hydrostatic pressure p is defined as =, with p 0 some reference pressure, or when rearranged as head: =. The term p / ρg is also called the pressure head, expressed as a length measurement. It represents the internal energy of the fluid due to the pressure exerted on the container.
Dynamic pressure is one of the terms of Bernoulli's equation, which can be derived from the conservation of energy for a fluid in motion. [1] At a stagnation point the dynamic pressure is equal to the difference between the stagnation pressure and the static pressure, so the dynamic pressure in a flow field can be measured at a stagnation point ...
In fluid dynamics, total dynamic head (TDH) is the work to be done by a pump, per unit weight, per unit volume of fluid.TDH is the total amount of system pressure, measured in feet, where water can flow through a system before gravity takes over, and is essential for pump specification.
The head loss Δh (or h f) expresses the pressure loss due to friction in terms of the equivalent height of a column of the working fluid, so the pressure drop is =, where: Δh = The head loss due to pipe friction over the given length of pipe (SI units: m); [b]
These head losses can be expressed by using the Borda–Carnot equation, through the use of the coefficient of contraction μ: [5] μ = A 3 A 2 , {\displaystyle \mu \,=\,{\frac {A_{3}}{A_{2}}},} with A 3 the cross-sectional area at the location of strongest main flow contraction 3, and A 2 the cross-sectional area of the narrower part of the pipe.
Given that the head loss h f expresses the pressure loss Δp as the height of a column of fluid, Δ p = ρ ⋅ g ⋅ h f {\displaystyle \Delta p=\rho \cdot g\cdot h_{f}} where ρ is the density of the fluid.