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The order of the alphabet (strictly abugida) in Tamil closely matches that of the nearby languages both in location and linguistics, reflecting the common origin of their scripts from Brahmi. Tamil language has 18 consonants - mey eluttukkal. Traditional grammarians have classified these 18 into three groups of 6 letters each.
Tamil phonology is characterised by the presence of "true-subapical" retroflex consonants and multiple rhotic consonants.Its script does not distinguish between voiced and unvoiced consonants; phonetically, voice is assigned depending on a consonant's position in a word, voiced intervocalically and after nasals except when geminated. [1]
Tamil has phonological process by which voiceless plosives are altered to their respective voiced sounds because of their position in a word (word initial versus word medial) or presence of preceding vowel sounds. See Tamil phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Tamil.
The vowels are called uyir, meaning soul, in Tamil. The consonants are known as mey , meaning body. When the alphasyllabary is formed, the letter shall be taking the form of the consonants, that is the body, and the sound shall be that of the corresponding vowel, that is the soul.
Long. Often used with English vowels or diphthongs: Mayo /ˈmeːoː/ for [ˈmeɪ̯ɜʊ̯], etc. RP caught [ˈkʰoˑt] Semi-long. (Although the vowel is different, this is also longer than cot [ˈkʰɔt].) pronunciation [pɹ̥əʊ̯ˌnɐnsiˈeɪʃn̩] Main stress. The mark denotes the stress of the following syllable. Weaker stress.
The following table shows the 24 consonant phonemes found in most dialects of English, plus /x/, whose distribution is more limited. Fortis consonants are always voiceless, aspirated in syllable onset (except in clusters beginning with /s/ or /ʃ/), and sometimes also glottalized to an extent in syllable coda (most likely to occur with /t/, see T-glottalization), while lenis consonants are ...
From the 11th century AD onwards the Tamil script displaced the Pallava-Grantha as the principal script for writing Tamil. [ 6 ] [ 2 ] In what is now Kerala , Vatteluttu continued for a much longer period than in Tamil Nadu by incorporating characters from Pallava-Grantha to represent Sanskrit loan words in early Malayalam .
Additionally, since syllables with both a consonant and a vowel form 64 to 70% of Tamil text, an abugida-based model which encodes the consonant and vowel parts as separate code points is inefficient, in terms of how long a string needs to be to contain a given piece of text, in comparison with a syllabary-based model.