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Unlike other clostridial species, C. botulinum spores will sporulate as it enters the stationary phase. [35] C. botulinum relies on quorum-sensing to initiate the sporulation process. [35] C. botulinum spores are not found in human feces unless the individual has contracted botulism, [36] but C. botulinum cannot spread from person to person. [37]
The vegetative cells of clostridia are heat-labile and are killed by short heating at temperatures above 72–75 °C (162–167 °F). The thermal destruction of Clostridium spores requires higher temperatures (above 121.1 °C (250.0 °F), for example in an autoclave ) and longer cooking times (20 min, with a few exceptional cases of more than ...
The spores require warm temperatures, a protein source, an anaerobic environment, and moisture in order to become active and produce toxin. In the wild, decomposing vegetation and invertebrates combined with warm temperatures can provide ideal conditions for the botulism bacteria to activate and produce toxin that may affect feeding birds and ...
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The spores of the microorganism Clostridium botulinum (which causes botulism) can be eliminated only at temperatures above the boiling point of water. As a result, from a public safety point of view, foods with low acidity (a pH more than 4.6) need sterilization under high temperature (116–130 °C).
The D-value at an unknown temperature can be calculated knowing the D-value at a given temperature provided the Z-value is known. The target of reduction in canning is the 12- D reduction of C. botulinum, which means that processing time will reduce the amount of this bacteria by a factor of 10 12 .
This was the first incident in the UK in which botulism was conclusively identified as the cause and remains the only large incident of microbial food contamination in the UK with 100% reported fatalities. 1971: 1971 botulism case from Bon Vivant soup: botulinum toxin: vichyssoise soup: Bon Vivant Company: 2 [27] 1 [27] 1996: 1996 Odwalla E ...