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In an optical fiber, the normalized frequency, V (also called the V number), is given by = =, where a is the core radius, λ is the wavelength in vacuum, n 1 is the maximum refractive index of the core, n 2 is the refractive index of the homogeneous cladding, and applying the usual definition of the numerical aperture NA.
An optical fiber, or optical fibre, is a flexible glass or plastic fiber that can transmit light [a] from one end to the other. Such fibers find wide usage in fiber-optic communications , where they permit transmission over longer distances and at higher bandwidths (data transfer rates) than electrical cables.
The number of modes in an optical fiber distinguishes multi-mode optical fiber from single-mode optical fiber. To determine the number of modes in a step-index fiber, the V number needs to be determined: = where is the wavenumber, is the fiber's core radius, and and are the refractive indices of the core and cladding, respectively. Fiber with a ...
In fiber optics, mode volume is the number of bound modes that an optical fiber is capable of supporting. [11]The mode volume M is approximately given by and (+), respectively for step-index and power-law index profile fibers, where g is the profile parameter, and V is the normalized frequency, which must be greater than 5 for this approximation to be valid.
Fiber-optic communication is a form of optical communication for transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared or visible light through an optical fiber. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. [ 3 ]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 19 January 2025. Cable assembly containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light A TOSLINK optical fiber cable with a clear jacket. These cables are used mainly for digital audio connections between devices. A fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly ...
Abbe numbers are used to classify glass and other optical materials in terms of their chromaticity. For example, the higher dispersion flint glasses have relatively small Abbe numbers V < 55 {\displaystyle V<55} whereas the lower dispersion crown glasses have larger Abbe numbers.
Refractive index contrast, in an optical waveguide, such as an optical fiber, is a measure of the relative difference in refractive index of the core and cladding.The refractive index contrast, Δ, is often given by =, where n 1 is the maximum refractive index in the core (or simply the core index for a step-index profile) and n 2 is the refractive index of the cladding. [1]