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Paschen's law is an equation that gives the breakdown voltage, that is, the voltage necessary to start a discharge or electric arc, between two electrodes in a gas as a function of pressure and gap length. [2][3] It is named after Friedrich Paschen who discovered it empirically in 1889. [4]
In SI, the unit of dielectric strength is volts per meter (V/m). It is also common to see related units such as volts per centimeter (V/cm), megavolts per meter (MV/m), and so on. In United States customary units, dielectric strength is often specified in volts per mil (a mil is 1/1000 inch). [19] The conversion is:
Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [ 1 ] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [ 2 ] where I is the current through the conductor ...
The data below tabulates standard electrode potentials (E °), in volts relative to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), at: Absolute partial pressure 101.325 kPa (1.00000 atm; 1.01325 bar) for each gaseous reagent — the convention in most literature data but not the current standard state (100 kPa). Variations from these ideal conditions ...
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In a static electric field , it corresponds to the work needed per unit of charge to move a positive test charge from the first point to the second point.
Although air is normally an excellent insulator, when stressed by a sufficiently high voltage (an electric field of about 3 x 10 6 V/m or 3 kV/mm [3]), air can begin to break down, becoming partially conductive. Across relatively small gaps, breakdown voltage in air is a function of gap length times pressure.
Lorentz force on a charged particle (of charge q) in motion (velocity v), used as the definition of the E field and B field. Here subscripts e and m are used to differ between electric and magnetic charges .
t. e. In electromagnetism and electronics, electromotive force (also electromotance, abbreviated emf, [1][2] denoted ) is an energy transfer to an electric circuit per unit of electric charge, measured in volts. Devices called electrical transducers provide an emf [3] by converting other forms of energy into electrical energy. [3]