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  2. Vertical draft - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_draft

    Vertical drafts, known as updrafts or downdrafts, are localized regions of warm or cool air that move vertically. A mass of warm air will typically be less dense than the surrounding region, and so will rise until it reaches air that is either warmer or less dense than itself. The converse will occur for a mass of cool air, and is known as ...

  3. Downburst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downburst

    e. In meteorology, a downburst is a strong downward and outward gushing wind system that emanates from a point source above and blows radially, that is, in straight lines in all directions from the area of impact at surface level. It originates under deep, moist convective conditions like cumulus congestus or cumulonimbus.

  4. Mesocyclone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesocyclone

    A mesocyclone is a meso-gamma mesoscale (or storm scale) region of rotation (vortex), typically around 2 to 6 mi (3.2 to 9.7 km) in diameter, most often noticed on radar within thunderstorms. In the northern hemisphere it is usually located in the right rear flank (back edge with respect to direction of movement) of a supercell, or often on the ...

  5. Thunderstorm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderstorm

    Supercell storms are large, usually severe, quasi-steady-state storms that form in an environment where wind speed or wind direction varies with height ("wind shear"), and they have separate downdrafts and updrafts (i.e., where its associated precipitation is not falling through the updraft) with a strong, rotating updraft (a "mesocyclone").

  6. Cloud physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_physics

    Stronger forces such as wind shear and downdrafts can impact a cloud, but these are largely confined to the troposphere where nearly all the Earth's weather takes place. [38] A typical cumulus cloud weighs about 500 metric tons, or 1.1 million pounds, the weight of 100 elephants. [39]

  7. Mesoscale convective system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoscale_convective_system

    A mesoscale convective system (MCS) is a complex of thunderstorms that becomes organized on a scale larger than the individual thunderstorms but smaller than extratropical cyclones, and normally persists for several hours or more. A mesoscale convective system's overall cloud and precipitation pattern may be round or linear in shape, and ...

  8. Squall line - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall_line

    Wind shear is an important aspect of a squall line. In low to medium shear environments, mature thunderstorms will contribute modest amounts of downdrafts, enough to help create a leading edge lifting mechanism – the gust front.

  9. Wind shear - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_shear

    Wind shear is a microscale meteorological phenomenon occurring over a very small distance, but it can be associated with mesoscale or synoptic scale weather features such as squall lines and cold fronts. It is commonly observed near microbursts and downbursts caused by thunderstorms, fronts, areas of locally higher low-level winds referred to ...