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Bone marrow examination. Bone marrow examination refers to the pathologic analysis of samples of bone marrow obtained by bone marrow biopsy (often called trephine biopsy) and bone marrow aspiration. Bone marrow examination is used in the diagnosis of a number of conditions, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, anemia, and pancytopenia.
Multiple myeloma is diagnosed based on blood or urine tests finding abnormal antibody proteins (often using electrophoretic techniques revealing the presence of a monoclonal spike in the results, termed an m-spike), bone marrow biopsy finding cancerous plasma cells, and medical imaging finding bone lesions. [6]
A myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is one of a group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature, and as a result, do not develop into healthy blood cells. [3] Early on, no symptoms typically are seen. [3] Later, symptoms may include fatigue, shortness of breath, bleeding disorders, anemia, or frequent infections. [3]
The initial results are then confirmed with a bone aspiration and biopsy. "With the bone marrow aspiration, we remove a small amount of fluid from the bone marrow, and with the bone marrow biopsy ...
Deaths. 147,100 (2015) [5] Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal cells that build up in the bone marrow and blood and interfere with normal blood cell production. [1] Symptoms may include feeling tired, shortness of breath, easy bruising and bleeding, and ...
Abnormal results may lead to a bone marrow biopsy or MRI scan. In a small number of cases, doctors can also identify abnormal proteins in the blood that can be a precursor to the disease.
In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells. In adult humans, bone marrow is primarily located in the ribs, vertebrae, sternum, and bones of the pelvis. [4]
Normal bone marrow has 30–70% blood stem cells, but in aplastic anemia, these cells are mostly gone and are replaced by fat. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] First-line treatment for aplastic anemia consists of immunosuppressive drugs —typically either anti-lymphocyte globulin or anti-thymocyte globulin —combined with corticosteroids , chemotherapy , and ...