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The reactor can use 5% enriched uranium oxide fuel, reprocessed uranium fuel or 100% mixed uranium plutonium oxide fuel, clad in Areva's M5 variant of zirconium alloy. [11] [12] The EPR is the evolutionary descendant of the Framatome N4 and Siemens Power Generation Division "Konvoi " reactors. [13] [14] Siemens ceased its nuclear activities in ...
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) or electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy is a method for studying materials that have unpaired electrons.The basic concepts of EPR are analogous to those of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), but the spins excited are those of the electrons instead of the atomic nuclei.
CNNC's 177 fuel assembly design was retained. Initially the merged design was to be called the ACC-1000, [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] but ultimately it was named Hualong One. In August 2014 the Chinese nuclear regulator review panel classified the design as a Generation III reactor design, with independently owned intellectual property rights.
Delays at other EPR construction sites in Finland and France meant that Taishan was the first nuclear power plant to have an operational EPR. The project is owned by Guangdong Taishan Nuclear Power Joint Venture Company Limited (TNPC), which is 70% owned by China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group (CGNPC) and 30% by Électricité de France (EDF).
The plant is estimated to generate 300 tonnes of used nuclear fuel each year, the volume of a 2.5 m sided cube. Owing to the Generation III reactors having a higher fuel efficiency than previous Gen II designs, [ 38 ] the smaller amount of used nuclear fuel from an EPR will contain "four times" as much fission products by volume, Iodine ...
[5] [6] In 2019, EDF is seeking a site for the construction of a pair of EPR reactors, and Penly is considered as one of the lead contenders. [7] In June 2023, EDF announced it was starting the authorisation process to build two EPR 2 reactors, anticipating that site preparatory work would begin in summer 2024 and construction would begin about ...
The Advanced Fuel CANDU Reactor is a modified EC6 design that has been optimized for extreme fuel flexibility with the ability to handle numerous potential reprocessed fuel blends and even thorium. It is currently undergoing late-stage development as part of a joint venture between SNC-Lavalin , CNNC , and Shanghai Electric .
The Flamanville Nuclear Power Plant is located at Flamanville, Manche, France on the Cotentin Peninsula.The power plant houses three pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Unit 1 and 2, rated 1.3 GW e each, and based on Westinghouse design, [1] were ordered following the Messmer Plan and deliver full power since 1987.