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The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, [b] (abbreviated Estonian SSR, Soviet Estonia, or simply Estonia ⓘ) was an administrative subunit (union republic) of the former Soviet Union (USSR), [1] [2] covering the occupied and annexed territory of Estonia in 1940–1941 and 1944–1991.
Soviet rule of Estonia was re-established by force, and sovietisation followed, which was mostly carried out in 1944–1950. The forced collectivisation of agriculture began in 1947, and was completed after the mass deportation of Estonians in March 1949. All private farms were confiscated, and farmers were made to join the collective farms.
The three countries remained under Soviet rule until regaining their full independence in August 1991, a few months prior to the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991. Soviet rule in the Baltic states led to mass deportations to other parts of the Soviet Union, in order to quell resistance and weaken national identity. Mass ...
The occupation of the Baltic states was a period of annexation of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania by the Soviet Union from 1940 until its dissolution in 1991.For a brief period, Nazi Germany occupied the Baltic states after it invaded the Soviet Union in 1941.
Soviet expansion in 1939–1940. After the Soviet invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939, in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact the Soviet forces were given freedom over Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, an important aspect of the agreement to the Soviet government as they were afraid of Germany using the three states as a corridor to get close to Leningrad.
The ultimatum was handed at 2.30pm (Moscow time) on June 16, 1940, with the demand to answer by the midnight of the same day. The pretext was political activities of Estonia allegedly in contradiction to the Soviet–Estonian Mutual Assistance Treaty. The demands were to set up a new government and to allow Soviet troops into Estonia. [1]
Shortly after the June 1940 Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia and the annexation of the newly created "Soviet Socialist Republic" into the Soviet Union [1] which was formalized by the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR "On the Entry of the Estonian SSR into the Soviet Union" on 6 August 1940, [2] a new constitution was formally adopted for the Estonian SSR on 25 August 1940.
The 1924 Estonian coup d'état attempt conducted by the Comintern, [9] was a failed coup attempt in Estonia staged by Communists (mostly infiltrated from Soviet Union) on 1 December 1924. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] Of the 279 actively participating communists, 125 were killed in action, later more than 500 people were arrested.