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The second class of high-temperature superconductors in the practical classification is the iron-based compounds. [8] [9] Magnesium diboride is sometimes included in high-temperature superconductors: It is relatively simple to manufacture, but it superconducts only below 39 K (−234.2 °C), which makes it unsuitable for liquid nitrogen cooling.
From about 1993, the highest-temperature superconductor known was a ceramic material consisting of mercury, barium, calcium, copper and oxygen (HgBa 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 8+δ) with T c = 133–138 K. [61] [62] In February 2008, an iron-based family of high-temperature superconductors was discovered.
The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors. X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla. "BCS" means whether or not the superconductivity is explained within the BCS theory.
In 2003, a group of researchers published results on high-temperature superconductivity in palladium hydride (PdH x: x > 1) [15] and an explanation in 2004. [16] In 2007, the same group published results suggesting a superconducting transition temperature of 260 K, [ 17 ] with transition temperature increasing as the density of hydrogen inside ...
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High-temperature superconductors are copper oxide based superconductors which often have critical temperatures higher than 77 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen.
The unit cell of high-temperature cuprate superconductor BSCCO-2212. Cuprates are layered materials, consisting of superconducting planes of copper oxide, separated by layers containing ions such as lanthanum, barium, strontium, which act as a charge reservoir, doping electrons or holes into the copper-oxide planes.
The most famous ReBCO is yttrium barium copper oxide, YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−x (or Y123), the first superconductor found with a critical temperature above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen. [10] Its molar ratio is 1 to 2 to 3 for yttrium, barium, and copper and it has a unit cell consisting of subunits, which is the typical structure of perovskites .