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Point of application of abdominal thrusts (between chest and navel). The hands press inward and upward. The American Red Cross, the NHS, the European Resuscitation Council and the Mayo Clinic recommend a repeating cycle of five back slaps and five abdominal thrusts. [14] [15] [1] [2] They are not recommended on children below the age of one.
Demonstration of chest thrusts. If the patient can not receive pressure on the abdomen, the abdominal thrusts are replaced by chest thrusts. [8] This is the case of pregnant women, obese people, and others. Chest thrusts are applied in the same manner as abdominal thrusts, but pressing inwards on the lower half of the sternum (the chest bone).
The use of abdominal thrusts is not recommended for infants under 1 year of age due to risk of causing injury, so there are adaptations for babies (see more details further below), but a child that is too big for the babies' adaptations would require normal abdominal thrusts (according to the size of the body).
In contrast, in children under 1 it is recommended that the child be placed in a head down position as this appears to help increase the effectiveness of back slaps and abdominal thrusts. [ 8 ] When the patient can not receive pressures on the abdomen (it can happen in case of pregnancy or excessive obesity, for example), chest thrusts are ...
It also avoids a common cause of death in unconscious patients, which is choking on regurgitated stomach contents. The airway can also become blocked by a foreign object. To dislodge the object and solve the choking case, the first aider may use anti-choking methods (such as 'back slaps, 'chest thrusts' or 'abdominal thrusts').
Brain injury is likely if respiratory arrest goes untreated for more than three minutes, and death is almost certain if more than five minutes. Damage may be reversible if treated early enough. Respiratory arrest is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention and management.
Hints for Today's Connections Sports Edition Categories on February 12, 2025. Here are some hints about the four categories to help you figure out the word groupings.
If a patient shows signs of severe airway obstruction, anti-choking maneuvers such as back slaps or in the most severe cases abdominal thrusts should be applied until the obstruction is relieved. If a patient becomes unresponsive he should be lowered to the ground, and the rescuer should call emergency medical services and initiate CPR.