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This study also found that this treatment increased the time that it would take for the umbilical stump to separate or fall off by 1.7 days. [6] Lastly this large review also supported the notion that in hospital settings no medicinal type of cord care treatment was better at reducing infections compared to dry cord care. [6]
Umbilical granuloma is the most common umbilical abnormality in newborn children or neonates, causing inflammation and drainage. [1] [2] [3] It may appear in the first few weeks of newborn infants during the healing process of the umbilical cord due to an umbilical mass. [4] It is the overgrowth of the umbilical tissue. [5]
The classic triad of the vasa praevia is: membrane rupture, painless vaginal bleeding and fetal bradycardia or fetal death. Prior to the advent of ultrasound, this diagnosis was most often made after a stillbirth or neonatal death in which the mother had ruptured her membranes, had some bleeding, and delivered an exsanguinated baby.
Umbilical cord prolapse is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. [2] The concern with cord prolapse is that pressure on the cord from the baby will compromise blood flow to the baby. [2] It usually occurs during labor but can occur anytime after the rupture of membranes. [1] [5]
The embryo is surrounded by the thin membranes of the amniotic sac, the umbilical cord is seen in the center, attaching the embryo to the placenta. The umbilical cord develops from and contains remnants of the yolk sac and allantois. It forms by the fifth week of development, replacing the yolk sac as the source of nutrients for the embryo. [2]
It can also deprive the child of oxygen as the umbilical cord is pinched, potentially causing brain damage or death. [ 3 ] Difficult labor may occur because the baby is abnormally large ( macrosomia ), because the mother's pelvis or birth canal is small or deformed, or because the baby is in an abnormal presentation for the birth (such as ...
Severe chorioamnionitis may be accompanied by vasculitis of the umbilical blood vessels due to the fetus' inflammatory cells. If very severe, funisitis , inflammation of the umbilical cord connective tissue, occurs.
A Cochrane review suggests that active management (use of uterotonic drugs, cord clamping and controlled cord traction) during the third stage of labour may reduce severe bleeding and anemia. [51] However, the review also found that active management increased the patient's blood pressure, nausea, vomiting, and pain.