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Diseases caused by pollution, lead to the chronic illness and deaths of about 8.4 million people each year. However, pollution receives a fraction of the interest from the global community. [1] This is in part because pollution causes so many diseases that it is often difficult to draw a straight line between cause and effect.
Health issues on the Aamjiwnaang First Nation due to chemical factories; Love Canal toxic waste site; Minamata disease (1950s and 1960s) mercury poisoning in Japan; Kodaikanal mercury poisoning in India; Release of CFCs resulting in ozone depletion; Spring Valley, which was used as a chemical weapons testing ground during World War I.
Hazardous waste is waste that must be handled properly to avoid damaging human health or the environment. Waste can be hazardous because it is toxic, reacts violently with other chemicals, or is corrosive, among other traits. [1] As of 2022, humanity produces 300-500 million metric tons of hazardous waste annually. [2]
Hazards have the potential to cause adverse effects only if they come into contact with populations that may be harmed. For this reason, hazard identification includes the development of a conceptual model of exposure. [8] Conceptual models communicate the pathway connecting sources of a given hazard to the potentially exposed population(s).
In 2008 the World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations calculated that coal particulates pollution cause approximately one million deaths annually across the world, [29] which is approximately one third of all premature deaths related to all air pollution sources, [50] for example in Istanbul by lung diseases and cancer. [51]
Environmental health was defined in a 1989 document by the World Health Organization (WHO) as: Those aspects of human health and disease that are determined by factors in the environment. [3] It is also referred to as the theory and practice of accessing and controlling factors in the environment that can potentially affect health. [4]