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The specific kidney injuries induced by analgesics are renal papillary necrosis and chronic interstitial nephritis. They appear to result from decreased blood flow to the kidney, rapid consumption of antioxidants, and subsequent oxidative damage to the kidney. This kidney damage may lead to progressive chronic kidney failure, abnormal ...
Anti-inflammatory drugs, also called anti-inflammatories, make up about half of analgesics. These drugs remedy pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to opioids , which affect the central nervous system to block pain signaling to the brain.
Chronic use of phenacetin is known to lead to analgesic nephropathy characterized by renal papillary necrosis. [14] [15] [16] This is a condition which results in destruction of some or all of the renal papillae in the kidneys. It is believed that the metabolite p-phenetidine is at least partly responsible for these effects. [17]
NSAID identification on label of generic ibuprofen, an over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [1] [3] (NSAID) [1] are members of a therapeutic drug class which reduces pain, [4] decreases inflammation, decreases fever, [1] and prevents blood clots.
Prostaglandin inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin in human body. [1] There are various types of prostaglandins responsible for different physiological reactions such as maintaining the blood flow in stomach and kidney, regulating the contraction of involuntary muscles and blood vessels, and act as a mediator of inflammation and pain.
Naproxen's medical uses are related to its mechanism of action as an anti-inflammatory compound. [11] Naproxen is used to treat a variety of inflammatory conditions and symptoms that are due to excessive inflammation, such as pain and fever (naproxen has fever-reducing, or antipyretic, properties in addition to its anti-inflammatory activity). [11]
Nephrotoxicity is toxicity in the kidneys. It is a poisonous effect of some substances, both toxic chemicals and medications, on kidney function. [1] There are various forms, [2] and some drugs may affect kidney function in more than one way. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity.
The panel also cited concerns of liver damage from their paracetamol component, which is also the main ingredient in commonly used nonprescription drugs such as Tylenol. [21] Each year, paracetamol overdose is linked to about 400 deaths and 42,000 hospitalizations.