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Insulators made from porcelain rich in alumina are used where high mechanical strength is a criterion. Porcelain has a dielectric strength of about 4–10 kV/mm. [8] Glass has a higher dielectric strength, but it attracts condensation and the thick irregular shapes needed for insulators are difficult to cast without internal strains. [9]
A compound semiconductor is a semiconductor compound composed of chemical elements of at least two different species. These semiconductors form for example in periodic table groups 13–15 (old groups III–V), for example of elements from the Boron group (old group III, boron, aluminium, gallium, indium) and from group 15 (old group V, nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth).
Thermal insulators are materials that inhibit the migration of heat. For electrical insulators, materials that inhibit the migration of electric current, ...
A topological insulator is an insulator for the same reason a "trivial" (ordinary) insulator is: there exists an energy gap between the valence and conduction bands of the material. But in a topological insulator, these bands are, in an informal sense, "twisted", relative to a trivial insulator. [4]
The topological insulators and superconductors are classified here in ten symmetry classes (A,AII,AI,BDI,D,DIII,AII,CII,C,CI) named after Altland–Zirnbauer classification, defined here by the properties of the system with respect to three operators: the time-reversal operator , charge conjugation and chiral symmetry . The symmetry classes are ...
A liquid dielectric is a dielectric material in liquid state. Its main purpose is to prevent or rapidly quench electric discharges.Dielectric liquids are used as electrical insulators in high voltage applications, e.g. transformers, capacitors, high voltage cables, and switchgear (namely high voltage switchgear).
This is a list of insulation materials used around the world.. Typical R-values are given for various materials and structures as approximations based on the average of available figures and are sorted by lowest value.
Some examples of semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, and elements near the so-called "metalloid staircase" on the periodic table. After silicon, gallium arsenide is the second-most common semiconductor and is used in laser diodes , solar cells , microwave-frequency integrated circuits , and others.