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Avian influenza, also known as avian flu or bird flu, is a disease caused by the influenza A virus, which primarily affects birds but can sometimes affect mammals including humans. [1] Wild aquatic birds are the primary host of the influenza A virus, which is enzootic (continually present) in many bird populations.
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu"). It is enzootic (maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also panzootic (affecting animals of many species over a wide area). [1]
Worldwide mortality estimates range all the way from 2-7.4 million deaths (the "conservatively low" pandemic influenza calculation of a flu modeling expert at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) to 1000 million deaths (the bird flu pandemic prediction of one Russian virologist).
This is a timeline of influenza, briefly describing major events such as outbreaks, epidemics, pandemics, discoveries and developments of vaccines.In addition to specific year/period-related events, there is the seasonal flu that kills between 250,000 and 500,000 people every year and has claimed between 340 million and 1 billion human lives throughout history.
In September, Egypt and Sudan joined the list of nations seeing a resurgence of bird deaths due to H5N1. [citation needed] In November and December, South Korea and Vietnam joined the list of nations seeing a resurgence of bird deaths due to H5N1; February/March 2006 - A dead cat infected with the H5N1 bird flu virus was found in Germany. [26]
1957–1958 influenza pandemic ('Asian flu') 1957–1958 Worldwide Influenza A virus subtype H2N2: 1–4 million [187] [203] [204] 1960–1962 Ethiopia yellow fever epidemic 1960–1962 Ethiopia: Yellow fever: 30,000 [205] Seventh cholera pandemic: 1961–present Worldwide Cholera (El Tor strain) 36,000 [citation needed] [206] Hong Kong flu ...
From 1918 to 1920, the Spanish flu pandemic became the most devastating influenza pandemic and one of the deadliest pandemics in history. The pandemic, caused by an H1N1 strain of influenza A, [ 80 ] likely began in the United States before spreading worldwide via soldiers during and after the First World War .
Both cases were confirmed as H5N8 type bird flu via genetic test by a regional official on 21 January and 24. 5400 ducks were culled in response. [34] [35] As a larger nationwide trend in avian flu, 7 million poultry were culled with aid from the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force as of February 17, 2021. [36]