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In mathematics, basic hypergeometric series, or q-hypergeometric series, are q-analogue generalizations of generalized hypergeometric series, and are in turn generalized by elliptic hypergeometric series. A series x n is called hypergeometric if the ratio of successive terms x n+1 /x n is a rational function of n.
The Gaussian binomial coefficient, written as () or [], is a polynomial in q with integer coefficients, whose value when q is set to a prime power counts the number of subspaces of dimension k in a vector space of dimension n over , a finite field with q elements; i.e. it is the number of points in the finite Grassmannian (,).
The earliest q-analog studied in detail is the basic hypergeometric series, which was introduced in the 19th century. [1] q-analogs are most frequently studied in the mathematical fields of combinatorics and special functions. In these settings, the limit q → 1 is often formal, as q is often discrete-valued (for example, it may represent a ...
If α is a nonnegative integer n, then all terms with k > n are zero, [5] and the infinite series becomes a finite sum, thereby recovering the binomial formula. However, for other values of α, including negative integers and rational numbers, the series is really infinite.
An infinite series of any rational function of can be reduced to a finite series of polygamma functions, by use of partial fraction decomposition, [8] as explained here. This fact can also be applied to finite series of rational functions, allowing the result to be computed in constant time even when the series contains a large number of terms.
For 0 < q < 1, the series converges to a function F(x) on an interval (0,A] if |f(x)x α | is bounded on the interval (0, A] for some 0 ≤ α < 1. The q-integral is a Riemann–Stieltjes integral with respect to a step function having infinitely many points of increase at the points q j..The jump at the point q j is q j.
The q-Pochhammer symbol is a major building block in the construction of q-analogs; for instance, in the theory of basic hypergeometric series, it plays the role that the ordinary Pochhammer symbol plays in the theory of generalized hypergeometric series.
In mathematics, a generalized hypergeometric series is a power series in which the ratio of successive coefficients indexed by n is a rational function of n. The series, if convergent, defines a generalized hypergeometric function , which may then be defined over a wider domain of the argument by analytic continuation .