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  2. List of satellite pass predictors - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_satellite_pass...

    [1] [2] Linked from both NASA and ESA websites as a reference for locating satellites and spacecraft. [3] Includes predictions for the ISS, space shuttle and other bright satellites, planets, minor planets, and comets. JPass, a java based web application. Offline since April 2010, replaced by NASA Skywatch web application. [4]

  3. SPICE (observation geometry system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPICE_(observation...

    SPICE (Spacecraft Planet Instrument C-matrix Events) is a NASA ancillary information system used to compute geometric information used in planning and analyzing science observations obtained from robotic spacecraft. It is also used in planning missions and conducting numerous engineering functions needed to carry out those missions.

  4. Numerical model of the Solar System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_model_of_the...

    A numerical model of the Solar System is a set of mathematical equations, which, when solved, give the approximate positions of the planets as a function of time. Attempts to create such a model established the more general field of celestial mechanics.

  5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory...

    Better values of the planets' masses had been found since DE118/DE200, further refining the perturbations. Lunar Laser Ranging accuracy was improved, giving better positions of the Moon. DE403 covered the time span early 1599 to mid 2199. [22] DE404 [23] was released in 1996. A so-called Long Ephemeris, this condensed version of DE403 covered ...

  6. Astronomical coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical_coordinate...

    In astronomy, coordinate systems are used for specifying positions of celestial objects (satellites, planets, stars, galaxies, etc.) relative to a given reference frame, based on physical reference points available to a situated observer (e.g. the true horizon and north to an observer on Earth's surface). [1]

  7. Ephemeris - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeris

    In astronomy and celestial navigation, an ephemeris (/ ɪ ˈ f ɛ m ər ɪ s /; pl. ephemerides / ˌ ɛ f ə ˈ m ɛr ɪ ˌ d iː z /; from Latin ephemeris 'diary', from Ancient Greek ἐφημερίς (ephēmerís) 'diary, journal') [1] [2] [3] is a book with tables that gives the trajectory of naturally occurring astronomical objects and artificial satellites in the sky, i.e., the position ...

  8. Celestial navigation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celestial_navigation

    Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning.

  9. List of active Solar System probes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_active_Solar...

    Institution: NASA; Primary mission completion: November 1980; Current trajectory: entered interstellar space August 2012; Voyager 2. Mission: studying all four giant planets. This mission was one of NASA's most successful, yielding a wealth of new information. As of November 2017 it is some 116 AU from the Sun (17.34 billion kilometers). [14]