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The Italian soft c pronunciation is /tʃ/ (as in cello and ciao), while the hard c is the same as in English. Italian orthography uses ch to indicate a hard pronunciation before e or i , analogous to English using k (as in kill and keep ) and qu (as in mosquito and queue ).
The "soft" c may represent the / ʃ / sound in the digraph ci when this precedes a vowel, as in the words 'delicious' and 'appreciate', and also in the word "ocean" and its derivatives. The digraph ch most commonly represents / tʃ / , but can also represent / k / (mainly in words of Greek origin) or / ʃ / (mainly in words of French origin).
Reduction of /ts/ to /s/ – a Middle English reduction that produced the modern sound of soft c . Medial cluster reduction – elision of certain stops in medial clusters, such as the /t/ in postman. Insertion (epenthesis) of stops after nasals in certain clusters, for example making prince sound like prints, and dreamt rhyme with attempt.
z and soft c represent a voiceless dental fricative /θ/ (the th in think). By the early 1700s the six sibilant phonemes of medieval Spanish had all merged into three phonemes in the dialects with this distinction and two phonemes elsewhere, but spelling still reflected the older pronunciation system.
The grapheme Ć (minuscule: ć), formed from C with the addition of an acute accent, is used in various languages. It usually denotes [t͡ɕ], the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate, including in phonetic transcription. Its Unicode codepoints are U+0106 for Ć and U+0107 for ć.
Ç or ç (C-cedilla) is a Latin script letter used in the Albanian, Azerbaijani, Manx, Tatar, Turkish, Turkmen, Kurdish, Kazakh, and Romance alphabets. Romance languages that use this letter include Catalan, French, Portuguese, and Occitan, as a variant of the letter C with a cedilla.
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While c , which also has hard and soft pronunciations, exists alongside k (which always indicates a hard pronunciation), g has no analogous letter or letter combination which consistently indicates a hard g sound, even though English uses j consistently for the soft g sound (the rationale for the spelling change of "gaol" to "jail").