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The Norman Conquest in 1066 led to the transfer of the English capital city and chief royal residence from the Anglo-Saxon one at Winchester to Westminster, and the City of London quickly established itself as England's largest and principal commercial centre. [6]
Alongside with Kufa, it briefly became the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate before the founding of Baghdad. Samarra: Abbasid Caliphate: Iraq: 836 892 Capital moved back to Baghdad: Mtskheta: Iberia, Kingdom of: Georgia: 3rd century BC 5th century Capital moved to Tbilisi by Dachi of Iberia: Susa, Anshan (Persia) Proto-Elamite, Elam: Iran: 3200 ...
Some recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area. At the Fulham Palace site in Fulham in modern west London, evidence of prehistoric activity dating from the late Mesolithic and early Neolithic age was uncovered by various archaeological investigations undertaken there since the early 1970s, depicting the use of struck flint.
London is an ancient name, attested in the first century AD, usually in the Latinised form Londinium. [34] Modern scientific analyses of the name must account for the origins of the different forms found in early sources: Latin (usually Londinium), Old English (usually Lunden), and Welsh (usually Llundein), with reference to the known developments over time of sounds in those different languages.
Londinium, also known as Roman London, was the capital of Roman Britain during most of the period of Roman rule. Most twenty-first century historians think that it was originally a settlement established shortly after the Claudian invasion of Britain, on the current site of the City of London, around 47–50 AD, [4] [5] [3] but some defend an older view that the city originated in a defensive ...
An English textile industry was established in the 15th century, providing the basis for rapid English capital accumulation. The White Tower of the Tower of London , built in 1078 Henry I , the fourth son of William I the Conqueror , succeeded his elder brother William II as King of England in 1100.
Urban sites were on the decline from the late Roman period and remained of very minor importance until around the 9th century. The largest cities in later Anglo-Saxon England however were Winchester, London and York, in that order, although London had eclipsed Winchester by the 11th century. Details of population size are however lacking.
Prior to the Acts of Union in 1707, London was the capital of England only; Edinburgh was the capital of the Kingdom of Scotland. The United Kingdom includes the subdivisions of England (capital London), Scotland (capital Edinburgh), Wales (capital Cardiff), Northern Ireland (capital Belfast). London (administration)