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An orchestra (/ ˈ ɔːr k ɪ s t r ə /; OR-ki-strə) [1] is a large instrumental ensemble typical of classical music, which combines instruments from different families. There are typically four main sections of instruments:
The orchestra size is determined from the music budget of the film. The orchestrator is told in advance the number of instruments he has to work with and has to abide by what is available. A big-budget film may be able to afford a Romantic music era-orchestra with over 100 musicians.
The key characteristic of European classical music that distinguishes it from popular music, folk music, and some other classical music traditions such as Indian classical music, is that the repertoire tends to be written down in musical notation, creating a musical part or score. This score typically determines details of rhythm, pitch, and ...
Symphonic poem – Orchestral composition based on an extra-musical narrative, often a literary or pictorial idea. Symphony – Large-scale composition, typically for an orchestra and often in four movements. Choral symphony – Symphony that incorporates a choir and vocal soloists along with the orchestra.
The genre of orchestral song tends to longer programmed pieces than songs accompanied by piano. For this reason the orchestral song may be either a longer single song or, more commonly, a cycle. An example of a single long song text is found in Sibelius' tone poem Luonnotar. [5] Other examples include Grieg's Den Bergtekne, op. 32.
In particular, music written for the piano has frequently undergone this treatment, as it has been arranged for orchestra, chamber ensemble, or concert band. [6] Beethoven made an arrangement of his Piano Sonata No. 9 for string quartet. Conversely, he also arranged his Grosse Fuge (one of his late string quartets) for piano duet.
The orchestra is divided into four groups (five if a keyboard instrument is used) and specified as follows: [1] Woodwind instruments: flutes, oboes, clarinets, saxophones (if one or more are needed), bassoons; Brass instruments: horns, trumpets, trombones, tubas; Percussion: timpani, snare drum, bass drum, chimes, etc.
Another topic that conducting students study is the languages used in classical music opera. Orchestral conductors are expected to be able to rehearse and lead choirs in works for orchestra and choir. As such, orchestral conductors need to know the major languages used in choral writing (including French, Italian and Latin, among others) and ...