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Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), also known as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells, are a type of fuel cell being developed mainly for transport applications, as well as for stationary fuel-cell applications and portable fuel-cell applications. Their distinguishing features include lower temperature/pressure ranges (50 to ...
A proton-exchange membrane, or polymer-electrolyte membrane (PEM), is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and designed to conduct protons while acting as an electronic insulator and reactant barrier, e.g. to oxygen and hydrogen gas. [1]
The polymer electrolyte membrane, due to its solid structure, exhibits a low gas crossover rate resulting in very high product gas purity. [1] Maintaining a high gas purity is important for storage safety and for the direct usage in a fuel cell. The safety limits for H 2 in O 2 are at standard conditions 4 mol-% H 2 in O 2. [13]
High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFC), also known as High Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cells, are a type of PEM fuel cells which can be operated at temperatures between 120 and 200°C. [1] HT-PEM fuel cells are used for both stationary and portable applications. [2]
Fuel cell applications of polymer electrolytes typically employ perfluorosulfonic acid membranes capable of selective proton conduction from the anode to the cathode. Such fuel cells are able to generate electrical energy from hydrogen or methanol fuels. [ 7 ]
A type of fuel cell in which the electrolyte consists of concentrated phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4). Protons (H+) are transported from the anode to the cathode. The operating temperature range is generally 160–220 °C. [57] Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) A fuel cell incorporating a solid polymer membrane used as its electrolyte.
In alkaline anion-exchange membrane fuel cell, aqueous KOH is replaced with a solid polymer electrolyte membrane, that can conduct hydroxide ions. This could overcome the problems of electrolyte leakage and carbonate precipitation, though still taking advantage of benefits of operating a fuel cell in an alkaline environment.
Two common types of electrolytes are a proton exchange membrane(PEM) (also known as Polymer Electrolyte Membrane) and a ceramic or solid oxide electrolyte (often used in Solid oxide fuel cells). Although hydrogen and oxygen are very common reactants, a plethora of other reactants exist and have been proven effective.