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Sketch of Sir William Grove's 1839 fuel cell. The first references to hydrogen fuel cells appeared in 1838. In a letter dated October 1838 but published in the December 1838 edition of The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, Welsh physicist and barrister Sir William Grove wrote about the development of his first crude fuel cells.
1964 – Allis-Chalmers builds a 750-watt fuel cell to power a one-man underwater research vessel. [19] 1965 – The first commercial use of a fuel cell in Project Gemini. 1965 – Allis-Chalmers builds the first fuel cell golf carts. 1966 – General Motors presents Electrovan, the world's first fuel cell automobile. [20] 1966 – Slush hydrogen.
A fuel cell vehicle (FCV) or fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) is an electric vehicle that uses a fuel cell, sometimes in combination with a small battery or supercapacitor, to power its onboard electric motor. Fuel cells in vehicles generate electricity generally using oxygen from the air and compressed hydrogen.
Another recent development is the solid-state alkaline fuel cell, utilizing a solid anion-exchange membrane instead of a liquid electrolyte. This resolves the problem of poisoning and allows the development of alkaline fuel cells capable of running on safer hydrogen-rich carriers such as liquid urea solutions or metal amine complexes.
Scheme of a molten-carbonate fuel cell. Molten-carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are high-temperature fuel cells that operate at temperatures of 600 °C and above.. Molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) were developed for natural gas, biogas (produced as a result of anaerobic digestion or biomass gasification), and coal-based power plants for electrical utility, industrial, and military applications.
Honda established the world's first fuel cell vehicle dealer network in 2008, and at the time was the only company able to lease hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to private customers. [ 35 ] [ 36 ] The 2013 Hyundai Tucson FCEV , a modified Tucson, was introduced to the market as a lease-only vehicle, [ 37 ] [ 38 ] and Hyundai Motors claimed it was ...
A unitized regenerative fuel cell (URFC) is a fuel cell based on the proton exchange membrane which can do the electrolysis of water in regenerative mode and function in the other mode as a fuel cell recombining oxygen and hydrogen gas to produce electricity. Both modes are done with the same fuel cell stack [1]
The patents for the fuel cell were licensed by Pratt and Whitney as part of a successful bid to provide electrical power for the Apollo program to land man on the moon. The fuel cells were ideal in this regard because they have rising efficiency with decreasing load, unlike heat engines. Hydrogen and oxygen gases were already on board the ship ...