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Neurosecretion is the release of extracellular vesicles and particles from neurons, astrocytes, microglial and other cells of the central nervous system.These neurohormones, produced by neurosecretory cells, are normally secreted from nerve cells in the brain that then circulate into the blood.
A neurohormone is any hormone produced and released by neuroendocrine cells (also called neurosecretory cells) into the blood. [1] [2] By definition of being hormones, they are secreted into the circulation for systemic effect, but they can also have a role of neurotransmitter or other roles such as autocrine (self) or paracrine (local) messenger.
Neuroendocrinology is the branch of biology (specifically of physiology) which studies the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system; i.e. how the brain regulates the hormonal activity in the body. [1]
Neuroendocrine cells are cells that receive neuronal input (through neurotransmitters released by nerve cells or neurosecretory cells) and, as a consequence of this input, release messenger molecules into the blood.
Natural neuroactive substances include neurotransmitters, neurohormones, and neuromodulators. [1] Neurotransmitters work only between adjacent neurons through synapses. Neurohormones are released into the blood and work at a distance. Some natural neuroactive substances act as both transmitters and as hormones.
Neurohormones are a type of hormone that share a commonality with neurotransmitters. [47] They are produced by endocrine cells that receive input from neurons, or neuroendocrine cells. [ 47 ] Both classic hormones and neurohormones are secreted by endocrine tissue; however, neurohormones are the result of a combination between endocrine ...
The hypophyseal portal system is a system of blood vessels in the microcirculation at the base of the brain, connecting the hypothalamus with the anterior pituitary.Its main function is to quickly transport and exchange hormones between the hypothalamus arcuate nucleus and anterior pituitary gland.
The family includes the following types of neurohormones: Crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH). CHH is primarily involved in blood sugar regulation, but also plays a role in the control of moulting and reproduction. Moult-inhibiting hormone (MIH). MIH inhibits Y-organs where moulting hormone (ecdysteroid) is secreted.