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  2. Entrapment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entrapment

    Entrapment is a practice in which a law enforcement agent or an agent of the state induces a ... The entrapment by estoppel defense exists in both federal and city ...

  3. Estoppel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estoppel

    Entrapment by estoppel: In American criminal law, although "ignorance of the law is no excuse" is a principle which generally holds for traditional (older common law) crimes, courts sometimes allow this excuse as a defense, when defendant can show they reasonably relied on an interpretation of the law by the public official(s) charged with ...

  4. Jacobson v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson_v._United_States

    Jacobson v. United States, 503 U.S. 540 (1992), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court regarding the criminal procedure topic of entrapment.A narrowly divided court overturned the conviction of a Nebraska man for receiving child sexual abuse material through the mail, ruling that postal inspectors had implanted a desire to do so through repeated written entreaties.

  5. Affirmative defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_defense

    In an affirmative defense, the defendant may concede that they committed the alleged acts, but they prove other facts which, under the law, either justify or excuse their otherwise wrongful actions, or otherwise overcomes the plaintiff's claim. In criminal law, an affirmative defense is sometimes called a justification or excuse defense. [4]

  6. Sorrells v. United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorrells_v._United_States

    Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435 (1932), is a Supreme Court case in which the justices unanimously recognized the entrapment defense. However, while the majority opinion by Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes located the key to entrapment in the defendant's predisposition or lack thereof to commit the crime, Owen Roberts' concurring opinion proposed instead that it be rooted in an ...

  7. Collateral estoppel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateral_estoppel

    Collateral estoppel (CE), known in modern terminology as issue preclusion, is a common law estoppel doctrine that prevents a person from relitigating an issue. One summary is that, "once a court has decided an issue of fact or law necessary to its judgment, that decision ... preclude[s] relitigation of the issue in a suit on a different cause of action involving a party to the first case". [1]

  8. United States v. Russell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_v._Russell

    United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423 (1973), [1] is a Supreme Court case dealing with the entrapment defense. The court split 5-4 and maintained the subjective theory that had first been adopted in Sorrells v. United States, 287 U.S. 435 (1932). [2]

  9. Outrageous government conduct - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outrageous_government_conduct

    The Outrageous Government Conduct defense is a bar to prosecution which is decided by the judge based on legal theory while entrapment is an affirmative defense which is considered, potentially, by a jury. Additionally, predisposition to commit a crime is irrelevant to the Outrageous Government Conduct defense and can succeed despite evidence ...