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Chlamydia is known as the "silent epidemic", as at least 70% of genital C. trachomatis infections in women (and 50% in men) are asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, [15] and can linger for months or years before being discovered.
Thus, depending on the sense, chlamydia can either be the most likely cause or have been ruled out, and frequently detected organisms are Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis. However, in 20-50% of cases, a specific cause for urethritis can't be identified, in which case a diagnosis of idiopathic urethritis is a diagnosis of exclusion. [4]
C. trachomatis genitourinary infections are diagnosed more frequently in women than in men, with the highest prevalence occurring in females aged 15 to 19 years of age. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Infants born from mothers with active chlamydia infections have a pulmonary infection rate that is less than 10%. [ 8 ]
The estimated global prevalence of chlamydia, which is the most common cause of non-gonococcal urethritis, is 3.8% in women and 2.7% in men. An estimated 127 million new chlamydia cases occurred in 2016. Upper-middle income countries had the highest prevalence of chlamydia. [24] The rate of chlamydia is around two times higher in females than ...
Nucleic acid amplification tests are the recommended method of diagnosis for gonorrhea and chlamydia. [98] This can be done on either urine in both men and women, vaginal or cervical swabs in women, or urethral swabs in men. [98] Screening can be performed: to assess the presence of infection and prevent tubal infertility in women
Diagnosis may involve testing urine samples or an ultrasound. Treatment can include antibiotics, medications to address pain and swelling, or surgical removal of the epididymis. [18] Epididymal cysts is a mass that forms in the epididymis. [10] These cysts differ from spermatoceles as they contain clear fluid, rather than seminal fluid.