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Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. [2] Its main function is to deliver the acetyl group to the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to be oxidized for energy production.
This pathway operates at the interface of central metabolism and specialized metabolite synthesis, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of both primary and secondary metabolites. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 1 ] It begins with acetyl-CoA and involves the stepwise condensation of two-carbon units, typically derived from malonyl-CoA , to form increasingly ...
Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, [3] the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, [4] and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. [5]
It helps regulate anaerobic glucose metabolism. Using radical non-redox chemistry, it catalyzes the reversible conversion of pyruvate and coenzyme-A into formate and acetyl-CoA. The reaction occurs as follows: This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups.
In enzymology, an acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. 2 acetyl-CoA CoA + acetoacetyl-CoA. Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, acetyl-CoA, and two products, CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA C-acetyltransferase belongs to the thiolase family of enzymes.
Two specific enzymes participate on the carbon monoxide side of the pathway: CO dehydrogenase and acetyl-CoA synthase. The former catalyzes the reduction of the CO 2 and the latter combines the resulting CO with a methyl group to give acetyl-CoA. [1] [2] Some anaerobic bacteria use the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway in reverse to break down acetate.
The mevalonate pathway of eukaryotes, archaea, and eubacteria all begin the same way. The sole carbon feed stock of the pathway is acetyl-CoA. The first step condenses two acetyl-CoA molecules to yield acetoacetyl-CoA. This is followed by a second condensation to form HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3- methyl-glutaryl-CoA). Reduction of HMG-CoA yields (R ...
Acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) or Acetate—CoA ligase is an enzyme (EC 6.2.1.1) involved in metabolism of acetate. It is in the ligase class of enzymes, meaning that it catalyzes the formation of a new chemical bond between two large molecules.