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In the southern Levant, pastoral nomadic tribal groups began to settle down at the start of the 11th century. These included the Israelites in the Cisjordan and the Ammonites, Moabites and Edomites in the Transjordan. [82] The Philistines, a group of Aegean immigrants arrived at the shores of Canaan circa 1175 BCE and settled there. [82] [83] [84]
Philistia included Jaffa (in today's Tel Aviv), but it was lost to the Hebrews during Solomon's time. Nonetheless, the Philistine king of Ashkelon conquered Jaffa again circa 730 BC. Following Sennacherib's third campaign in the Levant, the Assyrians re-assigned Jaffa to the Phoenician city-state of Sidon, and Philistia never got it back. [1]
The Philistines are credited with introducing iron weapons, chariots, and new ways of fermenting wine to the local population. [ 35 ] [ iii ] Over time, the Philistines integrated with the local population and they, like other people in Palestine, were engulfed by first the Assyrian empire and later the Babylonian empire.
Philistine territory along with neighboring states; such as the separate kingdoms of Judah and Israel, in the 9th century BC. The Philistines (Hebrew: פְּלִשְׁתִּים, romanized: Pəlištīm; LXX: Koinē Greek: Φυλιστιείμ, romanized: Phulistieím; Latin: Philistaei) were an ancient people who lived on the south coast of Canaan during the Iron Age in a confederation of city ...
Two groups appear at this time, and are associated with the transition to the Iron Age (they used iron weapons/tools which were better than earlier bronze): the Sea Peoples, particularly the Philistines, who migrated from the Aegean world and settled on the southern coast, and the Israelites, whose settlements dotted the highlands. [21]
The Crusader period, sometimes referred to as the medieval period, as it was the only time when the Western-type societal organisation was transplanted to the region, lasted from 1099 when the Crusaders captured Jerusalem, to 1291 when the Kingdom of Jerusalem's last major possession in the Holy Land, Acre, was overrun by the Mamluks.
This is a list of conflicts in the southern Levant arranged chronologically from ancient to modern times. This region has also been referred to historically as the Land of Canaan , the Land of Israel , the Holy Land , the Promised Land , and Palestine .
The Levant around 87 BCE. Alexander Jannaeus rules an expanded Hasmonean kingdom, with authority over Judea, Idumea, Galilee, and parts of the coastal plain. The Seleucid Empire remains stricken by infighting, with Cleopatra Selene, Antiochus XII, and Philip I all holding territory in Syria. c. 87 BCE