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Creation of a "Union Party" was a frequent proposition in the decade preceding the American Civil War. During the presidency of Millard Fillmore, Daniel Webster and others envisioned the Union Party as a vehicle for political moderates to support the Compromise of 1850 against attacks from abolitionists and secessionist Fire-Eaters.
The Civil War and Reconstruction issues polarized the parties until the Compromise of 1877 finally ended the political warfare. War issues resonated for a quarter century, as Republicans waved the "bloody shirt" (of dead union soldiers), and Democrats warned against non-existent "Black supremacy" in the South and plutocracy in the North.
Before the American Civil War, the party generally supported slavery or insisted it be left to the states. After the war until the 1940s, the party opposed civil rights reforms in order to retain the support of Southern white voters. The Republican Party was organized in the mid-1850s from the ruins of the Whig Party and Free Soil Democrats.
By 1854, the Civil War further divided the political factions. The Democrats split into the Northern Democrats and the Southern Democrats formed by pro-slavery pro-states' rights members.
American electoral politics have been dominated by successive pairs of major political parties since shortly after the founding of the republic of the United States. Since the 1850s, the two largest political parties have been the Democratic Party and the Republican Party—which together have won every United States presidential election since 1852 and controlled the United States Congress ...
A Respectable Minority: The Democratic Party in the Civil War Era, 1860–1868 (1977) online edition Archived 2012-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. Stampp, Kenneth M. Indiana Politics during the Civil War (1949) online edition Archived 2012-05-25 at the Wayback Machine. Smith, Adam. No Party Now: Politics in the Civil War North (2006), excerpt and ...
Unconditional Union Party, abolitionist party in several border states during the American Civil War; National Union Party (United States), a coalition of Republicans and War Democrats that supported Abraham Lincoln in the 1864 United States presidential election
Losses were far higher than during the war with Mexico, which saw roughly 13,000 American deaths, including fewer than two thousand killed in battle, between 1846 and 1848. One reason for the high number of battle deaths in the civil war was the continued use of tactics similar to those of the Napoleonic Wars , such as charging .