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Stinging ants cause a cutaneous condition that is different from that caused by biting venomous ants. Particularly painful are stings from fire ants, although the bullet ant's sting is considered by some to be the most painful insect sting. [3]: 450 First aid for fire ant bites includes external treatments and oral medicines. [citation needed]
This makes many experts put some children on fire ant venom immunotherapy, while others do not. [54] [65] The recommended maintenance dose is between 0.5 mL of a 1:100 w/v 1:10 w/v WBE. [66] For fire ant venom immunotherapy, the most common maintenance dose is 0.5 mL of a 1:200 (wt/vol) dilution. [67]
The combination of poneratoxin binding to a cell membrane (in order to act upon a voltage-gated sodium channel) and the movement from acidic conditions in the ant venom reservoir to basic conditions at the target site leads to poneratoxin undergoing a conformational change that activates it.
Fire ant venom is a mixture of toxic alkaloids and proteins that presumably enable the alkaloids to enter rival ants’ cells. [13] Each alkaloid in the fire ant's venom, including solenopsin, has a six-membered heterocyclic ring with fat-soluble side chains. [13] The researchers who discovered the antidote property of formic acid in crazy ants ...
This is an example of chemical signaling, which explains why ants all appear to sting at once. Similar to the two-part process of the fire ant bite and sting, the harvester ant will attach to the victim with its mandibles, and so proceed by pivoting around the site, allowing the ant to repeatedly sting and inject venom into the region.
Solenopsin is a lipophilic alkaloid with the molecular formula C 17 H 35 N found in the venom of fire ants (Solenopsis). It is considered the primary toxin in the venom [2] and may be the component responsible for the cardiorespiratory failure in people who experience excessive fire ant stings. [3]
Ants belonging to the genus Solenopsis are known as "fire ants" because of the pain caused by their stings, which inject venoms. The venoms of fire ants are characterized by a variety of alkaloids known as solenopsins (2-methyl-6-alkylpiperidines) that exhibit necrotic , hemolytic , antibiotic , and toxic properties. [ 12 ]
Pogonomyrmex (sensu stricto) workers have the most toxic venom documented in any insects, with Pogonomyrmex maricopa being the most toxic tested thus far. [4] It has an LD 50 of only 0.12 mg/kg, compared to western honey bee venom, at 2.8 mg/kg, and comparable to cobra venom.