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Medical history (the patient tells the doctor about an injury). For shoulder problems the medical history includes the patient's age, dominant hand, if injury affects normal work/activities as well as details on the actual shoulder problem including acute versus chronic and the presence of shoulder catching, instability, locking, pain, paresthesias (burning sensation), stiffness, swelling, and ...
There are several options of treatment when iatrogenic (i.e., caused by the surgeon) spinal accessory nerve damage is noted during surgery. For example, during a functional neck dissection that injures the spinal accessory nerve, injury prompts the surgeon to cautiously preserve branches of C2, C3, and C4 spinal nerves that provide supplemental innervation to the trapezius muscle. [3]
The trapezius muscle controls the action of shrugging the shoulders, and the sternocleidomastoid the action of turning the head. [8] Like most muscles, control of the trapezius muscle arises from the opposite side of the brain. [8] Contraction of the upper part of the trapezius muscle elevates the scapula. [13]
The trapezius lifts the shoulder when shrugging, so the affected shoulder will not be able to shrug and the shoulder blade will protrude into a winged position. [3] Depending on the location of the lesion there may also be weakness present in the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which acts to turn the head so that the face points to the opposite side.
Adopting a forward head and rounded shoulders posture places increased stress on the neck (cervical spine), mid-back (thoracic spine) and low back (lumbar spine), Dr. Halfman explains.
For pain and temperature repeat the same steps as light touch but use a sharp object and a cold tuning fork respectively. Corneal reflex is conducted along with the facial nerve section of the test. Note the sensory innervation of the cornea is provided by the trigeminal nerve while the motor innervation for blinking the eye is provided by the ...