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Vascular birthmarks, also called red birthmarks, are caused by increased blood vessels and include macular stains (salmon patches), hemangiomas, and port-wine stains. A little over 1 in 10 babies have a vascular birthmark present by age 1. [2]
Port-wine stains occur most often on the face but can appear anywhere on the body, particularly on the neck, upper trunk, arms and legs. [2] [4] Early stains are usually flat and pink in appearance. As the child matures, the color may deepen to a dark red or purplish color. [2]
A Mongolian spot, also known as slate grey nevus or congenital dermal melanocytosis, is a benign, flat, congenital birthmark with wavy borders and an irregular shape. In 1883, it was described and named after Mongolians by Erwin Bälz, a German anthropologist based in Japan, who erroneously believed it to be most prevalent among his Mongolian patients.
Some babies with port wine stain birthmarks above their eyes, on forehead have rare disease called Sturge Weber syndrome, which can cause seizures. A new treatment is changing that.
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The main features include a red birthmark, ranging in color from pink to reddish-purple, atypical vein or lymphatic development, and overgrowth of tissues and bones."
An infantile hemangioma (IH), sometimes called a strawberry mark due to appearance, is a type of benign vascular tumor or anomaly that affects babies. [1] [2] Other names include capillary hemangioma, [6] "strawberry hemangioma", [7]: 593 strawberry birthmark [8] and strawberry nevus. [6] and formerly known as a cavernous hemangioma.
They are made up of blood vessels, often called strawberry marks, and are more common in girls than in boys. Babies that are born early are more likely to have a hemangioma. [4] They usually appear on the skin of infants in the days or weeks after birth. They tend to grow quickly for up to a year.