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Figure 1. This BLM map depicts the principal meridians and baselines used for surveying states (colored) in the PLSS.. The following are the principal and guide meridians and base lines of the United States, with the year established and a brief summary of what areas' land surveys are based on each.
Initial point: The starting point for a survey; the intersection point of the Principal meridian and the Base line in a given region. Land grant : Historically a land grant is an area of land to which title was conferred by a predecessor government, usually English/British, Spanish or Mexican, and confirmed by the U.S federal courts after the ...
In Canadian land surveying, a base line is one of the many principal east-west lines that correspond to four tiers of townships (two tiers north and two south). The base lines are about 24 miles (39 km) apart, with the first base line at the 49th parallel , the western Canada–US border .
In the United States Public Land Survey System, a principal meridian is the principal north–south line used for survey control in a large region, and which divides townships between east and west. The meridian meets its corresponding baseline at the point of origin, or initial point , for the land survey.
The San Bernardino meridian, established in 1852, [1] is one of three principal meridians in the state of California. Because of the state's shape, three meridian–baseline sets are required for surveys in all parts of the state. The San Bernardino meridian is used for Southern California, and some townships in Arizona are also referenced to ...
The shaded township is Township 17, Range 8 west of the Third Meridian. Starting at each intersection of a meridian and a baseline and working west (also working east of the First Meridian and the Coast Meridian [9]), nearly square townships were surveyed, whose north–south and east–west sides are about 6 miles (9.7 km) in length. There are ...
Assuming a spherical Earth, a meridian is a great semicircle on Earth's surface. Adopting instead a spheroidal or ellipsoid model of Earth, the meridian is half of a north-south great ellipse . The length of a meridian is twice the length of an Earth quadrant , equal to 20,003.93 km (12,429.87 mi) on a modern ellipsoid ( WGS 84 ).
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