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The study of pantoprazole began in 1985, and it came into medical use in Germany in 1994. [10] It is available as a generic medication. [5] [11] In 2022, it was the sixteenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 30 million prescriptions.
Acute use (1–3 days) yields a potency about 1.5× stronger than that of morphine and chronic use (7 days+) yields a potency about 2.5 to 5× that of morphine. Similarly, the effect of tramadol increases after consecutive dosing due to the accumulation of its active metabolite and an increase of the oral bioavailability in chronic use.
The most common side effects include headache, nausea, and diarrhea. [2] Rare side effects include rashes, flu-like symptoms, and infections (including by the gastrointestinal pathogen Clostridioides difficile [27]). [26] Rare instances of rabeprazole-induced liver injury (also known as hepatotoxicity) have been reported. Characteristic proton ...
A newer PCAB vonoprazan with a faster and longer lasting action than revaprazan, and PPIs has been marketed in Japan (2013), Russia (2021), and the US (2023). [4] [5] [6] PPIs are among the most widely sold medications in the world. The class of proton-pump inhibitor medications is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
The most common clinical usage of additive effect in pharmacology is combination therapy. Two or more therapeutic agents are used in combination therapy to treat a single disease. Different drugs in the same combination therapy act on different biological and biochemical pathways in the body to produce an additive effect.
The most common side effect seen is constipation (2–3%). Less commonly reported side effects (<0.5%) include flatulence, headache, hypophosphatemia, xerostomia (dry mouth), and bezoar formation. [24] [25] [26] Use of this drug is not recommended for people with chronic kidney failure, as it might cause aluminium accumulation and toxicity.
So Lexapro 20 mg side effects are the same as the side effects of 10 mg of Lexapro, but the 20 mg dose may have increased effects. But there’s no need for alarm.
Vonoprazan, sold under the brand name Voquezna among others, is a first-in-class potassium-competitive acid blocker medication. [2] [1] Vonoprazan is used in form of the fumarate for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer (including some drug-induced peptic ulcers) and reflux esophagitis, and can be combined with antibiotics for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori.