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Following the establishment of the Second Polish Republic after World War I and during the interwar period, the number of Jews in the country grew rapidly. According to the Polish national census of 1921, there were 2,845,364 Jews living in the Second Polish Republic; by late 1938 that number had grown by over 16 percent, to approximately 3,310,000, mainly through migration from Ukraine and ...
Polish Jews generally were less influenced by Haskalah, ... Between 1935 and 1937 seventy-nine Jews were killed and 500 injured in anti-Jewish incidents. [142]
In response, Jewish merchants begun flooding the market with their goods, pushing prices down so that newcomers couldn't compete with them. [1] In December 1935, a group of some 20 young Jews created their own armed and illegal self-defense unit, headed by a former officer of the Polish Army, Icek Frydman. Frydman organized military training ...
At the start of the Second World War, Poland had the largest Jewish population in the world (over 3.3 million, some 10% of the general Polish population). [7] The vast majority were murdered under the Nazi " Final Solution " mass-extermination program in the Holocaust in Poland during the German occupation; only 369,000 (11%) of Poland's Jews ...
The Jews of Poland Between Two World Wars (1989). Heller, C. S. On the Edge of Destruction. Jews of Poland Between the Two World Wars (1977) Hoffman, E. Shtetl. The Life and Death of a Small Town and the World of Polish Jews (1999). Landau, Z. and Tomaszewski, J. The Polish Economy in the Twentieth Century (Routledge, 1985) Olszewski, A. K.
Various means of limiting the number of Jewish students were adopted, seeking to reduce the Jewish role in Poland's economic and social life. [18] The situation of Jews improved under Józef Piłsudski , [ 15 ] [ 19 ] but after his death in 1935 the National Democrats regained much of their power and the status of Jewish students deteriorated.
Piłsudski's death in 1935 brought a deterioration in the quality of life of Poland's Jews. [139] During the 1930s, a combination of developments, from the Great Depression [132] to the vicious spiral of OUN terrorist attacks and government pacifications, caused government relations with the national minorities to deteriorate.
After Poland regained independence in 1918, the Second Polish Republic had a large Jewish minority.The early Polish Army was formed in the aftermath of World War I mostly from ethnic Polish volunteers, but as the situation stabilized and the country enforced regular conscriptions, the number of soldiers in the Polish Army from various ethnic minorities, including Jewish, increased.