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The two major Canadian cities that fall outside the continental climate schema are Vancouver and Victoria. Vancouver experiences an oceanic climate, bordering warm-summer mediterranean with a marked summer dry season. Victoria, BC is the only major Canadian city entirely in a warm-summer mediterranean climate.
This new ecozone map includes 18 terrestrial, 12 marine and 1 freshwater ecozone, the latter two of which were derived from the marine bioregions outlined by Fisheries and Oceans Canada in 2009. [8] [6] This comprehensive framework is currently in use by Environment and Climate Change Canada to determine protected area coverage of Canada's ...
Climate is a major barrier to life; the growing season is extremely short. Mean average temperature usually ranges from 0 °C (32 °F) to 4 °C (39 °F), and even in summer the average temperature does not exceed 10 °C (50 °F). The zone sees heavy precipitation, usually in the form of snow. [3]
The National Topographic System is used by Natural Resources Canada for providing general purpose topographic maps of the country. The maps provide details on landforms and terrain, lakes and rivers, forested areas, administrative zones, populated areas, roads and railways, as well as other man-made features. [22]
The Canadian Prairies (usually referred to as simply the Prairies in Canada) is a region in Western Canada. It includes the Canadian portion of the Great Plains and the Prairie provinces, namely Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba. [2] These provinces are partially covered by grasslands, plains, and lowlands, mostly in the southern regions.
However the higher elevations of the Laurentian Mountains and the northern Appalachian Mountains in Canada constitute the Eastern Canadian forests ecoregion. The region has a humid continental climate (Dfb) consisting of warm summers and cold, snowy winters, and is warmer towards the south. [2]
Because of its location east of the Rocky Mountains, the Prairies ecozone can be semi-arid in some areas, annual precipitation generally increases farther east in the ecozone from 250 millimetres (9.8 in) in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan to 700 millimetres (28 in) in parts of Manitoba, as well humidity increases eastward through this zone. [5]
Additionally, Yukon glaciers have lost 22% of their surface area (a total loss of 2,541 ± 189 km 2) over the last 50 years, corresponding to a total mass loss of 406 ± 177 Gigatonnes (equivalent to 1.13 ± 0.49 millimeter of global sea level rise). Rainfall in the Canadian Arctic has increased by more than 20% in the last decades.