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Phenazopyridine is an azo dye. [17] [18] Other azo dyes, which were previously used in textiles, printing, and plastic manufacturing, have been implicated as carcinogens that can cause bladder cancer. [19] While phenazopyridine has never been shown to cause cancer in humans, evidence from animal models suggests that it is potentially ...
Significant side effects occur in about 25% of people. [6] Commonly these include loss of appetite, nausea, headache, and rash. [5] Severe side effects include bone marrow suppression, liver problems, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, and kidney problems. [6] [7] [4] It should not be used in people allergic to aspirin or sulfonamide. [6]
Urinary tract infection in pediatric patients is a significant clinical issue, affecting approximately 7% of fevered infants and children. [43] If left untreated, the infection can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, resulting in acute pyelonephritis, which leads to hypertension, kidney scarring, and end-stage kidney disease. [44]
Prontosil was the result of five years of testing involving thousands of compounds related to azo dyes. The crucial test result (in a murine model of Streptococcus pyogenes systemic infection) that preliminarily established the antibacterial efficacy of Prontosil in mice dates from late December 1931.
The most common (roughly 1%) side effect of pyrazinamide is joint pains (arthralgia), but this is not usually so severe that patients need to stop taking it. [10] [11] Pyrazinamide can precipitate gout flares by decreasing renal excretion of uric acid. [12] The most dangerous side effect of pyrazinamide is hepatotoxicity, which is dose-related ...
Although the structure proposed by Ziegler was not confirmed, he was able to develop an alternative synthesis of tartrazine based on the idea that a hydrazone is the tautomeric form of an azo compound (azo-hydrazo tautomerism). This production process was patented in 1893 (British Patent 5693). [7] [8]