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An obligation is a course of action which someone is required to take, be it a legal obligation or a moral obligation. Obligations are constraints; they limit freedom. People who are under obligations may choose to freely act under obligations. Obligation exists when there is a choice to do what is morally good and what is morally unacceptable. [1]
The law of obligations is one branch of private law under the civil law legal system and so-called "mixed" legal systems. It is the body of rules that organizes and regulates the rights and duties arising between individuals.
An equitable obligation is a duty based on ethical or moral considerations. A constructive obligation is an obligation that is implied by a set of circumstances in a particular situation, as opposed to a contractually based obligation. The accounting equation relates assets, liabilities, and owner's equity: Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity
Obligations have traditionally been divided into contracts, which are voluntarily undertaken and owed to a specific person or persons, and obligations in tort which are based on the wrongful infliction of harm to certain protected interests, primarily imposed by the law, and typically owed to a wider class of persons. Research in business and ...
The specific definition of nondelegable obligations depends on the specific municipality. It is a compound term consisting of two sub-terms: delegate and obligation. To delegate is to "To hand over or assign responsibility to another, such as a subordinate in a business". [3]
Erga omnes obligations attach when there is a serious breach of peremptory norms of international law like those against piracy, genocide and wars of aggression. [2] [3] The concept was recognized in the International Court of Justice's decision in the Barcelona Traction case [4] [(Belgium v Spain) (Second Phase) ICJ Rep 1970 3 at paragraph 33]:
A solidary obligation, or an obligation in solidum, is a type of obligation in the civil law jurisprudence that allows either obligors to be bound together, each liable for the whole performance, or obligees to be bound together, all owed just a single performance and each entitled to the entirety of it. In general, solidarity of an obligation ...
Political obligation refers to a moral requirement to obey national laws. [1] Its origins are unclear, however it traces to the Ancient Greeks . The idea of political obligation is philosophical, focusing on the morality of laws, rather than justice.