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Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837 Morse telegraph Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske. Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century.
The Electric Telegraph Company was the world's first public telegraph company, founded in the United Kingdom by Sir William Fothergill Cooke and John Lewis Ricardo, MP for Stoke-on-Trent, [1] with Cromwell F. Varley as chief engineer. [2] It was incorporated by the the Electric Telegraph Company's Act 1846 (9 & 10 Vict. c. xlvi).
The electric telegraph was slower to develop in France due to the established optical telegraph system, but an electrical telegraph was put into use with a code compatible with the Chappe optical telegraph. The Morse system was adopted as the international standard in 1865, using a modified Morse code developed in Germany in 1848. [1]
Nahin, Paul J., Oliver Heaviside: The Life, Work, and Times of an Electrical Genius of the Victorian Age, Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002 ISBN 978-0-8018-6909-9. Nickles, David Paull, How the Telegraph Changed Diplomacy, Harvard University Press, 2003 ISBN 0-674-01035-3.
The Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph was an early electrical telegraph system dating from the 1830s invented by English inventor William Fothergill Cooke and English scientist Charles Wheatstone. It was a form of needle telegraph , and the first telegraph system to be put into commercial service.
Sir Francis Ronalds FRS (21 February 1788 – 8 August 1873) was an English scientist and inventor, and arguably the first electrical engineer. [1] He was knighted for creating the first working electric telegraph over a substantial distance. [2]
A single needle telegraph (1903) A needle telegraph is an electrical telegraph that uses indicating needles moved electromagnetically as its means of displaying messages. It is one of the two main types of electromagnetic telegraph, the other being the armature system, [1] as exemplified by the telegraph of Samuel Morse in the United States.
English inventor Francis Ronalds built the first working electric telegraph. 1820: Danish physicist Hans Christian Ørsted accidentally discovered that an electric field creates a magnetic field. 1820: One week after Ørsted's discovery, French physicist André-Marie Ampère published his law. He also proposed the right-hand screw rule. 1821