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In its broadest sense, justice is the idea that individuals should be treated fairly. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, the most plausible candidate for a core definition comes from the Institutes of Justinian, a codification of Roman Law from the sixth century AD, where justice is defined as "the constant and perpetual will to render to each his due".
Jurisprudence, also known as theory of law or philosophy of law, is the examination in a general perspective of what law is and what it ought to be.It investigates issues such as the definition of law; legal validity; legal norms and values; as well as the relationship between law and other fields of study, including economics, ethics, history, sociology, and political philosophy.
A Theory of Justice is a 1971 work of political philosophy and ethics by the philosopher John Rawls (1921–2002) in which the author attempts to provide a moral theory alternative to utilitarianism and that addresses the problem of distributive justice (the socially just distribution of goods in a society).
Particular justice is the correct distribution of just deserts to others. For Aristotle, such justice is proportional—it has to do with people receiving what is proportional to their merit or their worth. In his discussion of particular justice, Aristotle says an educated judge is needed to apply just decisions regarding any particular case.
Justice as Fairness: Political not Metaphysical" is an essay by John Rawls, published in 1985. [1] In it he describes his conception of justice. It comprises two main principles of liberty and equality; the second is subdivided into fair equality of opportunity and the difference principle .
[9] The repose gives him time to dedicate himself to sacrifices and justice so that he is prepared for the afterlife. Socrates then asks his interlocutors for a definition of justice. Three are suggested: Cephalus: To give each what is owed to them (331c) Polemarchus: To give to each what is appropriate to him (332c)
Natural law first appeared in ancient Greek philosophy, [2] and was referred to by Roman philosopher Cicero. It was subsequently alluded to in the Bible, [3] and then developed in the Middle Ages by Catholic philosophers such as Albert the Great, his pupil Thomas Aquinas, and Jean Gerson in his 1402 work "De Vita Spirituali Animae."
Karl Eduard Julius Theodor Rudolf Stammler (19 February 1856 – 25 April 1938) was an influential German philosopher of law. He distinguished a purely formal concept of law from the ideal, the realization of justice.