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The canonical heap overflow technique overwrites dynamic memory allocation linkage (such as malloc metadata) and uses the resulting pointer exchange to overwrite a program function pointer. For example, on older versions of Linux , two buffers allocated next to each other on the heap could result in the first buffer overwriting the second ...
Many different types of memory errors can occur: [24] [25] Spatial. Buffer overflow – out-of-bound writes can corrupt the content of adjacent objects, or internal data (like bookkeeping information for the heap) or return addresses.
Heap pollution in Java can occur when type arguments and variables are not reified at run-time. As a result, different parameterized types are implemented by the same class or interface at run time. All invocations of a given generic type declaration share a single run-time implementation. This results in the possibility of heap pollution. [2]
The most likely causes of memory corruption are programming errors (software bugs). When the corrupted memory contents are used later in that program, it leads either to program crash or to strange and bizarre program behavior. Nearly 10% of application crashes on Windows systems are due to heap corruption. [1]
A related concept is the "space leak", which is when a program consumes excessive memory but does eventually release it. [ 3 ] Because they can exhaust available system memory as an application runs, memory leaks are often the cause of or a contributing factor to software aging .
Example of a complete binary max-heap Example of a complete binary min heap. A binary heap is a heap data structure that takes the form of a binary tree.Binary heaps are a common way of implementing priority queues.
While this method prevents the canonical stack smashing exploit, stack overflows can be exploited in other ways. First, it is common to find ways to store shellcode in unprotected memory regions like the heap, and so very little need change in the way of exploitation. [12] Another attack is the so-called return to libc method for shellcode ...
The primary advantage of running Java in a 64-bit environment is the larger address space. This allows for a much larger Java heap size and an increased maximum number of Java Threads, which is needed for certain kinds of large applications; however there is a performance hit in using 64-bit JVM compared to 32-bit JVM.