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The traditional Indian calendar is based on lunar positions, Sankranti is a solar event. The date of Makar Sankranti remains constant over a long term, 14 January or occasionally, 15 January as the Sun begins to rise in Makara Râshi. Mesha Sankranti: Marks the beginning of the New Year in the traditional Hindu Solar Calendar.
Makar Sankranti's date and time is analogous to Sidereal time of Zodiac sign of Capricorn (when sun enters). [23] The year is 365.24 days long and the time difference between the two consecutive instances of Makar Sankranti is almost the same as the year. There are 365 days in a year.
Pongal (IPA: / ˈ θ aɪ ˈ p oʊ ŋ ʌ l /) is a multi-day Hindu harvest festival celebrated by Tamils.The festival is celebrated over three or four days with Bhogi, Thai Pongal, Mattu Pongal and Kanum Pongal, beginning on the last day of the Tamil calendar month of Margazhi, and observed on consecutive days.
Makara Sankranti is celebrated among the Hindus for three days, with Mattu Pongal (feast of cattle) held the day after Sun entering Capricorn. (There is a slight variation in dates followed for the festival, varying from year to year, but the essence of observing Makara Sankranti is the same among Hindus).
There is a common misconception [3] that Makara Sankranti marks the beginning of Uttarayana. This is because at one point in time Sayana and Nirayana zodiac were the same. Every year sidereal and tropical equinoxes slide by 50 seconds due to axial precession, giving birth to Ayanamsha and causing Makara Sankranti to slide further.
Makara Sankranti or Pongal marks the transition of the Sun into Makara rasi. It marks the gradual increase of the duration of the day. Pongal is the first day of Uttarayana and coincides with the beginning of the Tamil month of Thai. Pongal is one of the most popular harvest festivals of Tamil Nadu. Pongal occurs in mid January each year and ...
Bhogi [a] is the first day of the four-day Sankranti festival. It falls on the last day of Agrahāyaṇa or Mārgaśīrṣa month of Hindu Solar Calendar, which is 13 January by the Gregorian calendar. It is the day before Makar Sankranti, celebrated widely in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. [2] [3]
Makar Sankranti (or Pongal) is celebrated in other parts of Indian subcontinent by Hindus, [7] and is always on the first day of the month of Magha in Bikrami calendar. On Maghi, when the sun takes its northern journey on entering the sign of Makara or Capricorn, the Hindus take bath in the River Ganga or if that is not possible, in some other ...