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All players, except for the kicker, must be in their own half of the field of play, and all opposing players must remain at least 10 yards (9.15 m) from the ball (a distance marked on the pitch by the centre circle), until the ball is in play. Once the referee has given the signal for the kick-off, the ball is kicked in any direction.
A system from Cairos Technologies, in collaboration with Adidas, based around a modified ball with an implanted chip and a magnetic field generated by thin cables behind the goal line. The system could detect if the ball passed through the field. [52] GoalRef: Another system based on generated magnetic fields and a sensor within the ball. [53]
Professional Game Match Officials Limited (PGMOL) is the body responsible for refereeing games in English professional association football.. Formerly known as the Professional Game Match Officials Board (PGMOB), the PGMOL was formed when English referees became professional in 2001, to provide officials for all games played in the Premier League, English Football League (EFL) and Football ...
The National Football League Referees Association (NFLRA), established in 1972 as the Professional Football Referees Association is a labor union that serves as the collective bargaining agency for game officials with the National Football League (NFL). The NFLRA has been involved in two work stoppages, lock outs taking place in 2001 and 2012.
Diagram of the diagonal system of control showing the paths of the Referee (R) and the Assistant Referees (AR) The predominant system of positioning and division of responsibility used by football match officials throughout the world is known as the Diagonal system of control (DSC). The referee has final decision-making authority on all matters.
Professional Referee Organization (PRO) is the organization responsible for managing the referee and assistant referee program in professional soccer leagues in the United States and Canada, working alongside the United States Soccer Federation, Major League Soccer, the Canadian Soccer Association, the United Soccer League, the National Women's Soccer League, and the U.S. Open Cup.
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A pair of officials at a Maryland high school football game in September 2008. White knickers used to be worn by officials; black trousers are now standard.. For ease of recognition, officials are usually clad in a black-and-white vertically striped shirt and black trousers with a thin white stripe down the side (this was formerly white knickers with black/white striped stirrup stockings or ...