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The term vitamin does not include the three other groups of essential nutrients: minerals, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. [2] Major health organizations list thirteen vitamins: [3] [4] [5] Vitamin A (all-trans-retinols, all-trans-retinyl-esters, as well as all-trans-β-carotene and other provitamin A carotenoids) Vitamin B 1
Living at a time when vitamins were unknown, he asked and tried to answer the questions, "How many dietary essentials are there, and what are they?" [3] He and Marguerite Davis discovered the first vitamin, named A, in 1913. McCollum also helped to discover vitamin B and vitamin D and worked out the effect of trace elements in the diet.
Most multivitamins come in capsule form; tablets, powders, liquids, and injectable formulations also exist. In the United States, the FDA requires any product marketed as a "multivitamin" to contain at least three vitamins and minerals; furthermore, the dosages must be below a "tolerable upper limit", and a multivitamin may not include herbs ...
The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin B12 is 0.9-2.4 μg/day, while the estimated average requirement in the U.S. and Canada is 0.7-2 μg/day. Elderly individuals with plasma vitamin B12 levels below 148 pmol/L are considered severely deficient, and those with levels between 148 and 221 pmol/L are marginally deficient.
Humans require thirteen vitamins in their diet, most of which are actually groups of related molecules, "vitamers", (e.g. vitamin E includes tocopherols and tocotrienols, vitamin K includes vitamin K 1 and K 2). The list: vitamins A, C, D, E, K, Thiamine (B 1), Riboflavin (B 2), Niacin (B 3), Pantothenic Acid (B 5), Vitamin B 6, Biotin (B 7 ...
While some studies have found that vitamin D 3 raises 25(OH)D blood levels faster and remains active in the body longer, [44] [45] others contend that vitamin D 2 sources are equally bioavailable and effective for raising and sustaining 25(OH)D. [46] [47] If digestive disorders compromise absorption, then intramuscular injection of up to ...
Pages in category "Vitamins" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
Vitamin B 12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins. [6] [2] [7] Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B 12. [8] Vitamin B 12 deficiency is a widespread condition that is particularly prevalent in populations with low or no consumption of animal foods. [9]