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Casimir Funk (Polish: Kazimierz Funk [kaˈʑimjɛʂ ˈfuŋk]; February 23, 1884 – November 19, 1967) was a Polish biochemist generally credited with being among the first to formulate the concept of vitamins after publishing a landmark medical writing in 1912.
People who eat a varied diet are unlikely to develop a severe primary vitamin deficiency, but may be consuming less than the recommended amounts; a national food and supplement survey conducted in the US over 2003–2006 reported that over 90% of individuals who did not consume vitamin supplements were found to have inadequate levels of some of ...
Living at a time when vitamins were unknown, he asked and tried to answer the questions, "How many dietary essentials are there, and what are they?" [3] He and Marguerite Davis discovered the first vitamin, named A, in 1913. McCollum also helped to discover vitamin B and vitamin D and worked out the effect of trace elements in the diet.
1850 – Female Medical College of Pennsylvania (later Woman's Medical College), the first medical college in the world to grant degrees to women, is founded in Philadelphia. [99] 1858 – Rudolf Carl Virchow 13 October 1821 – 5 September 1902 his theories of cellular pathology spelled the end of Humoral medicine.
However, the NHS recommends 10μg of Vitamin D per day throughout the pregnancy and while breastfeeding, and 400μg of folic acid during the first trimester (first 12 weeks of pregnancy). [15] Some women may need to take iron, vitamin C, or calcium supplements during pregnancy, but only on the advice of a doctor.
Vitamin A deficiency is estimated to affect approximately one-third of children under the age of five around the world, resulting in hundreds of thousands of cases of blindness and deaths from childhood diseases because of immune system failure. [10] Reversible night blindness is an early indicator of low vitamin A status.
Garnsey, P. (1988). Famine and food supply in the Graeco-Roman world : Responses to risk and crisis. Cambridge Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. Garnsey, P. (1999). Food and society in classical antiquity (Key themes in ancient history; Key themes in ancient history). Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press.
The most common components in prenatal vitamins include vitamins B 6, folate, B 12, C, D, E, iron and calcium. [72] Sufficient intake of vitamin B 6 can lower the risk of early pregnancy loss and relieve symptoms of morning sickness. [73] [74] Folate is also an essential nutrient for pregnant women to prevent neural tube defects. [73]