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Bread covered with linen proofing cloth in the background. In cooking, proofing (also called proving) is a step in the preparation of yeast bread and other baked goods in which the dough is allowed to rest and rise a final time before baking. During this rest period, yeast ferments the dough and produces gases, thereby leavening the dough.
Making bread in the summertime is a real joy. The warm, humid temperatures help dough rise beautifully. But in winter, it can be a real bear to get the lift you need in a cooler home.
Kneading's importance lies in the mixing of flour with water; when these two ingredients are combined and kneaded, the gliadin and glutenin proteins in the flour expand and form strands of gluten, which gives bread its texture. [2] (To aid gluten production, many recipes use bread flour, which is higher in protein than all-purpose flour.) The ...
According to one version of the method described by New York baker Jim Lahey, [5] in his book My Bread, one loaf of the bread is made by mixing 400 g (approximately 3 cups) bread flour, 8 g (approximately 1¼ teaspoons) salt and 1 g (approximately ¼ teaspoon) instant yeast with 300 mL (approximately 1 1/3 cups) cool water to produce a 75% ...
The sponge's fermentation time depends on its temperature and that of the surrounding area, the ingredients used, and the percentage amount of yeast. It ferments in a humid environment at 74–78 °F (23–26 °C), where it may rise and expand to 4-5 times its original volume, when it falls it has reached 66-70% of its allotted time.
Longer fermented sourdoughs can also contain acetic acid, the main non-water component of vinegar. [54] [55] [56] Sourdough breads are made with a sourdough starter. The starter cultivates yeast and lactobacilli in a mixture of flour and water, making use of the microorganisms already present on flour; it does not need any added yeast.
Staling is a chemical and physical process in bread that reduces its palatability.Staling is not simply a drying-out process caused by evaporation. [1] One important mechanism is the migration of moisture from the starch granules into the interstitial spaces, degelatinizing the starch; stale bread's leathery, hard texture results from the starch amylose and amylopectin molecules realigning and ...
Oil and vinegar may refer to: Salad dressing, which may contain mixes of oil and vinegar French dressing, a term originally used for any oil-and-vinegar-based salad dressing; Vinaigrette, made by mixing an oil with something acidic such as vinegar or lemon juice; Oil and Vinegar, a screenplay by John Hughes that was never produced