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The first water clocks to employ complex segmental and epicyclic gearing was invented earlier by the Arab engineer Ibn Khalaf al-Muradi in Islamic Iberia c. 1000. His water clocks were driven by water wheels, as was also the case for several Chinese water clocks in the 11th century. [45] Comparable water clocks were built in Damascus and Fez.
The introduction of the water clock to China, perhaps from Mesopotamia, occurred as far back as the 2nd millennium BC, during the Shang dynasty, and at the latest by the 1st millennium BC. Around 550 AD, Yin Kui (殷蘷) was the first in China to write of the overflow or constant-level tank in his book "Lou ke fa (漏刻法)".
c. 3500 BC - Egyptian obelisks are among the earliest shadow clocks. [1] c. 1500 BC - The oldest of all known sundials, dating back to the 19th Dynasty. [2] c. 500 BC - A shadow clock is developed similar in shape to a bent T-square. [3] 3rd century BC - Berossos invents the hemispherical sundial. [4] 270 BCE - Ctesibius builds a water clock.
Modern water clock by Bernard Gitton Bernard Gitton ( French pronunciation: [bɛʁnaʁ ʒitɔ̃] ); born 24 June 1935 [ 1 ] ) is a French physicist and artist who has built modern water clocks , fountains and other devices relating art and science.
The water clock was created by Bernard Gitton, a French physical chemist and artist who combines those two studies by creating water clocks, water calculators, fountains, and other items of art and science. Bernard began making items of artistic science in 1979, at the age of 43, when he left the world of research science to create scientific art.
Water clocks are one of the oldest time-measuring instruments. [2] In ancient China, as well as throughout East Asia, water clocks were very important in the study of astronomy and astrology. The oldest written reference dates the use of the water clock in China to the 6th century BC. [3]
2000–1500 BC – First dams constructed in India to control water. [1] 1700 BC – Windmill are used in Babylonia to pump water. 14th century BC – Water clock are developed in Egypt under the reign of Amenhotep III. Clepsydra water clock design is developed in ancient Greece. [1] 6th century BC – Theodorus of Samos invents the water level.
The 8 m high structure also featured sundials and a water clock inside dates from around 50 BC. [44] Clock tower: 50 BC See Clock tower. [45] Tower of the Winds: Automatic doors: c. 1st century AD Heron of Alexandria, a 1st-century BC inventor from Alexandria, Egypt, created schematics for automatic doors to be used in a temple with the aid of ...