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The diving reflex is a set of physiological responses that occur in response to cold water immersion, particularly when the face or body is exposed to cold water. It is an evolutionary adaptation that helps mammals , including humans, manage the challenges of being submerged in cold water.
Diving reflex in a human baby The diving reflex , also known as the diving response and mammalian diving reflex , is a set of physiological responses to immersion that overrides the basic homeostatic reflexes , and is found in all air-breathing vertebrates studied to date.
The diving reflex is a response to immersion that overrides the basic homeostatic reflexes, and which is found in all air-breathing vertebrates. [6] [7] It optimizes respiration by preferentially distributing oxygen stores to the heart and brain which allows staying underwater for extended periods of time.
The physiology of underwater diving is the physiological adaptations to diving of air-breathing vertebrates that have returned to the ocean from terrestrial lineages. They are a diverse group that include sea snakes, sea turtles, the marine iguana, saltwater crocodiles, penguins, pinnipeds, cetaceans, sea otters, manatees and dugongs.
During the diving reflex, the infant's heart rate decreases by an average of 20%. [1] The glottis is spontaneously sealed off and the water entering the upper respiratory tract is diverted down the esophagus into the stomach. [6] The diving response has been shown to have an oxygen-conserving effect
The science of underwater diving includes those concepts which are useful for understanding the underwater environment in which diving takes place, and its influence on the diver. It includes aspects of physics, physiology and oceanography. The practice of scientific work while diving is known as Scientific diving.
In 1976 the JIM suit was used for a series of four dives on PanArtic's Hecla M25 well which were made through a hole cut in an ice floe 16 feet (4.9 m) thick, on which the rig was positioned, the first dive setting a record for the longest working dive below 490 feet (150 m), five hours and 59 minutes at a depth of 905 feet (276 m).
Ice Diving - View from the top Under the ice - view from below Monitoring an ice diver conducting studies below the ice. Cutting a hole in the ice to check the water conditions Checking water conditions through a small hole in the ice Cutting the ice hole with chainsaws. Ice diving is a type of penetration diving where the dive takes place ...