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  2. Investiture Controversy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture_Controversy

    Woodcut of a medieval king investing a bishop with the symbols of office, Philip Van Ness Myers, 1905. The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest (German: Investiturstreit, pronounced [ɪnvɛstiˈtuːɐ̯ˌʃtʁaɪt] ⓘ) was a conflict between the Church and the state in medieval Europe over the ability to choose and install bishops (investiture) [1] and abbots of monasteries and the ...

  3. Christianity in the 11th century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_11th...

    The Investiture Controversy, or Lay investiture controversy, was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, and Pope Gregory VII concerning who would appoint bishops (investiture). The end of lay investiture threatened ...

  4. History of the papacy (1048–1257) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_papacy_(1048...

    The Investiture Controversy was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV , and the Gregorian Papacy concerning who would control appointments of church officials ( investiture ).

  5. Loss of clerical state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state

    In the canon law of the Catholic Church, the loss of clerical state (commonly referred to as laicization, dismissal, defrocking, and degradation) is the removal of a bishop, priest, or deacon from the status of being a member of the clergy.

  6. Gregorian Reform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_Reform

    The major headings of Gregorian reform [further explanation needed] can be seen as embodied in the Papal electoral decree (1059), and the temporary resolution of the Investiture Controversy (1075–1122) was an overwhelming papal victory. The resolution of this controversy acknowledged papal superiority over secular rulers by implication.

  7. Christianity in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle...

    The Investiture Controversy, or Lay investiture controversy, was the most significant conflict between secular and religious powers in medieval Europe. It began as a dispute in the 11th century between the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, and Pope Gregory VII concerning who would appoint bishops (investiture). The end of lay investiture threatened ...

  8. Antipope Victor IV (1138) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope_Victor_IV_(1138)

    On 12 February the ceremony took place at St. Peter's Basilica, and during the welcome at the door, the pope read out a decree, in which he repudiated lay investiture, and ordered all bishops to surrender their imperial fiefs to the emperor immediately and permanently. The king and the indignant bishops retired to discuss the shocking demand ...

  9. Suspension (Catholic canonical penalty) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(Catholic...

    Lay investiture controversy; Dictatus papae; ... Lay trusteeism; Roman Curia. Dicastery; ... (matrimonial causes) Appeal as from an abuse;